 |
| JNNURM LOGO |
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) is a massive city-modernisation scheme launched by the Government of India under Ministry of Urban Development. It envisages a total investment of over $20 billion over seven years. Named after Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, the scheme was officially inaugurated by prime minister Manmohan Singh on 3 December 2005 as a programme meant to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities. It was launched in 2005 for a seven-year period (up to March 2012) to encourage cities to initiate steps for bringing phased improvements in their civic service levels. The government has extended the tenure of the mission for two years, i.e., from April 2012 to March 31, 2014.
JnNURM is a huge mission which relates primarily to development in the context of urban conglomerates focusing to the Indian cities. JnNURM aims at creating ‘economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive Cities’ by a strategy of upgrading the social and economic infrastructure in cities, provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) and wide-ranging urban sector reforms to strengthen municipal governance in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
Structure
Sub-missions
JnNURM primarily incorporates two sub-missions into its program:
 | |||
| JNNURM BUS |
The Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance administered by the Ministry of Urban Development, with a focus on water supply and sanitation, solid waste management, road network, urban transport and redevelopment of old city areas.
The Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP)[2] administered by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation with a focus on integrated development of slums.
In addition to this, it has two further components:
The Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure Development of Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) administered by the Ministry of Urban Development, with a focus on subsuming the schemes of Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT) and Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme (AUWSP) which aim at planned urban infrastructural improvement in towns and cities under its purview.The Sub-Mission for Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) administered by Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA) was envisaged and brought into effect in 1993–94 in accordance with providing the entire population with safe and adequate water supply facilities. The program is mainly implemented in towns with populations less than 20,000 as per the 1991 census.
Objectives
Focused attention relating to infrastructural services in the context of integrated development is to be covered under the mission.Make efficient and increase self-sustaining capabilities of cities as per the sector proving infrastructural services by securing the linkages between asset creation and asset management Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the urban infrastructural services.Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas, out growths, urban corridors, so that urbanization takes place in a dispersed manner. Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to urban poor. To take up urban renewal programme, i.e., re-development of inner (old) cities area to reduce congestion.
 |
| JNNURM BOATS |
Duration
The duration of the mission is seven years beginning from December 2005. During this period, the mission sought to ensure sustainable development of participating cities. An evaluation of the experience of implementation of the mission would be undertaken before the end of the Eleventh Five Year Plan in 2012.The duration of the mission was extended by two more years: until 31 March 2014.
Implementation mechanism
The funds are channelled through state-level agencies, where grants from the central and state governments are pooled and passed on as grants or soft loans to cities provided that they have prepared development strategies and that the investments identified fit within these strategies. The mission emphasises transparency and accountability. It supports public-private partnerships and cost recovery to make service providers financially self-sustaining. The share of grant funding by the central government can vary from 35% in the largest cities to up to 90% in cities in the Northeast. Most cities receive grants covering 50% or 80% of costs depending on size. Capacity building is also included in the mission to assist urban local bodies to prepare strategies and projects.Currently, ten projects are covered by JNNURM funds pertaining to road network, storm water drains, bus rapid transit system, water supply, solid waste management, sewage treatment, river and lake improvement, slum improvement and rehabilitation, all fall under its scope.
Kochi has put up a dismal performance in implementing the Centrally supported Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) projects.The city could utilise only 35 per cent of the amount approved for projects, according to a status report on the implementation of projects released by the Ministry of Urban Development on June 30. While Kochi spent Rs.17,850 crore under the scheme, Thiruvananthapuram has spent 32 per cent of the amount and has started implementation of all five projects sanctioned.
These projects were expected to be completed in March next. However, not a single penny was utilised for the projects and the physical progress has been recorded as zero per cent in the status report.Barring the Broadway and Ernakulam Market Heritage and Urban Renewal Project sanctioned in February 2010 and the Road Improvement and Bridge Construction sanctioned in February 2009, four other projects had been sanctioned in 2007.Only 25 per cent of the three major projects —solid waste management, road improvement and bridge construction—could be physically implemented in the city.Though the water supply system to Kochi has made significant progress, it is still lagging behind schedule. With five months left for the deadline in December 2013, only 60 per cent of the work has been completed.The physical implementation of the project for upgrading the surface water drainage system of central Kochi was estimated to be 50 per cent. The deadline fixed for the completion of the project is March next.The approved cost of the six JNNURM projects in Kochi was Rs.50,922 crore and the Central share is Rs.25,461 crore. According to Mission guidelines, the Centre would meet 50 per cent of the project cost. The State government should raise 30 per cent of the funds and the share of the urban local body is 20 per cent.
As the cash-strapped Kochi Corporation could not raise funds for the projects, its share was also met by the State government.Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram were the two cities selected from the State for the Mission projects.The Mission guideline that its funds shall not be used for land acquisition has come as a major hurdle in implementing the projects.The local bodies and the State government had been struggling to raise funds for acquiring land for projects such as the sewage treatment plant.
No comments:
Post a Comment